Day 1 :
- Metal and Plastic Waste Recycling| Waste Management Techniques | Electronic Waste Management | Green and Renewable Energy | Paper Recycling
Session Introduction
Azel Almutairi
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Title: Intensification of ammonia removal from waste water in biologically active zeolitic ion exchange columns
Biography:
Dr. Azel Almuatiri is a professor of Environmental Science at Kuwait University. Graduated from University of Kansas. His research interest is Environmental pollution, recycling, water pollution, renewable energy.
Abstract:
The use of nitrification filters for the removal of ammonium ion from waste-water is an established technology deployed extensively in municipal water treatment, in industrial water treatment and in applications such as fish farming. The process involves the development of immobilized bacterial films on a solid packing support, which is designed to provide a suitable host for the film, and allow supply of oxygen to promote aerobic action. Removal of ammonia and nitrite is increasingly necessary to meet drinking water and discharge standards being applied in the US, Europe and other places. Ion-exchange techniques are also effective for removal of ammonia (as the ammonium ion) from waste water and have the advantage of fast start-up times compared to biological filtration which in some cases may take several weeks to be fully operational. Here we explore the performance of ion exchange columns in which nitrifying bacteria are cultivated, with the goal of a “combined” process involving simultaneous ion-exchange and nitrification, intensified by in-situ aeration with a novel membrane module. There were three experimental goals.
Melita Jazbec
University of Technology Sydney ,Australia
Title: China imposed new contamination thresholds impacting 3.5% recyclables collected in australia not a sword but an opportunity for a national circular economy policy
Biography:
Melita Jazbec is a Senior Research Consultant at the ISF working on a range of projects from waste management, lithium stewardship and renewable energies, including waste to energy options. Melita’s recent work included development of waste strategies and study of pathways to circular economy. Her expertise ranges from modeling to analytical skills and stakeholder consultations. Her background is in chemical engineering with a PhD from the University of Sydney. Her PhD and postdoctoral study included experimental and modeling study of chemical kinetics of low temperature lean methane and methanol combustion and interaction with the pollutants such as NOX and SOX.
Abstract:
The real consequence of the China National Sword policy in Australia started to dawn on government and waste industry at the beginning of this year, showing the actual effect of the policy. Media’s extensive attention focused on reporting about the implications for waste sector ranging from waste stockpiling to the threat of recyclables not being collected. The impact of this act has led to a drop in the international recycling commodity market prices, which undermined the economic viability of the Australian waste industry, demonstrating a vulnerability to external factors. Is this the end of recycling or a timely nudge for Australian governments to develop a national circular economy policy? This work reviews the status of recycling in Australia and explores the range of options/responses to this disruption. We have seen Australian state governments responding with an injection of funding to ease the immediate burden of these restrictions as well expressing an intention to promote new and innovative technologies to process recycling on-shore. However, it is too early to see the uptake and response by industry. The focus is extended beyond waste industry, exploring the broader opportunity for a circular economy model in Australia. The Australian context is unique; abundant material and energy resources, relatively cheap energy and extensive access to landfilling that has enabled the linear economy model, take-use-dispose, to flourish. How does this context impact a circular economy might develop in Australia compared to circular economy progress in Europe?
Biography:
Azadeh Hemmati has completed her PhD at the age of 29 years from Sharif University of Technology and she is now an assistant Professor at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. She supervise more than 36 students and works in enviromnetal engineering area. Her research interest is water and wastewater treatment and green engineering. She recently became the member of the executive committee for Iran Chemical Engineering Association.
Abstract:
Different methods of urban sewage sludge energy recovery such as burning, gasification, pyrolysis and digestion based on the net energy production efficiency, advantages and disadvantages and complexity of these processes have been investigated in this article. The best method for energy production from sludge was selected among different methods according to energy and the amount of the greenhouse gas production. The capacity of the constructed power plant was calculated and investigated economically for each scenario. Quantitative and qualitative information on sludge was required to carry out this research so Ekbatan wastewater treatment sludge was analyzed. The results showed that the sludge of this treatment plant has 5.7% solids, containing 65.7% volatiles and the dry heat value is about 15100 kJ/kg. It was found that the best scenario for sludge energy production in this treatment plant is a digestion process with pure net energy production of 73.2 × 107 kJ/d. The energy recovery in an anaerobic digester can prevent the emission of 16,680 tons of CO2 annually and release about 1,460 tons of CO2 per year. The chemical analysis shows that the selected sludge has a potential production of 25m3 of CH4 for each m3 of sludge. The annual amount of biogas that can be recovered from municipal treatment plant is 836543 m3. The heat value of this biogas is equal to 475,514 kJ/m3. Therefore, with a typical treatment plant, annual consumption of 475,514 m3 of Natural gas will be saved. On the other hand, the biogas can be used to generate electricity. The power of the plant is about 216.8 kW that with the construction of this power plant, an annual saving of 1.5 million dollars will occur.
Ailyn Cabrera
Tsukuba University,Japan
Title: Solving location allocation problem of waste recovery facilities through the use of network-based spatial analysis
Biography:
Ailyn Rojas obtained the degree of Master in Environmental Sciences at Tsukuba University and is currently in her third year of her PhD in the Sustainable Environment Doctoral program at the same university. She is one of the authors of the paper titles “The Potential Benefits of Introducing Informal Recyclers and Organic Waste Recovery to a Current Waste Management System: The Case Study of Santiago de Chile” from 2017 and is currently investigating about alternative waste for Giant squid waste. After receiving his Master’s and PhD degrees in Environmental Engineering at Osaka University, Dr. Yabar worked as Assistant Professor at the same University. Currently, he is Associate Professor at The University of Tsukuba where he coordinates a Master Certificate Course called “Integrated Resource and Waste Management”. His research interests include integrated resource management, sustainability indicators, the linkages between environmental policy and technology innovation, GIS application in Environment Management, etc. He has published more than 40 peer-reviewed scientific articles and presented in many international conferences
Abstract:
In 2016, the city of Santiago de Chile experienced serious environmental problems when two of its biggest sanitary landfills caught fire. These events collapsed the waste collection and disposal system, and particularly in one case, it caused extreme air pollution affecting a big part of the capital. These accidents triggered public concern related to the landfill locations and the huge volume of final disposal waste, also encouraging the construction of recycling facilities. Location- allocation is a problem that private and public companies face when they need to decide the best location for their new facilities. By using a street network, the location allocation problem can be approached according to the specific restriction/necessities that the facility requires such as: route distance, travel time, capacity coverage, demand coverage etc. This paper identified the optimal location of 10 waste treatment facilities by utilizing a network-based spatial analysis that efficiently solve the location-allocation problem according to certain conditions or settings, in this case, capacity coverage and distance optimization. This analysis required facility points (FP) and demand points (DP). The DP are the waste generated by each of the 343 districts in this study. The FP were determined by Suitability Analysis, land use and the metropolitan sanitary infrastructure requirements, specified in the Urban Plan of Santiago Metropolitan Area. Preliminary results show that maximum capacity coverage is 98.1% with a district coverage of 52.4% and a maximum distance of 4.500 meters. However, this result leaves one municipality covered by two or more facilities. Considering the politics and managing complications of this, the results where manually intervened so municipalities only had to deal with a maximum of 2 different facilities. In this last case the capacity coverage decreases to 97,6% but results in a better district coverage distribution per facility.
Dong Ju Shin
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM),Korea
Title: Recycling Process for Recovering Metals from Mixed Batteries Waste.
Biography:
Dong Ju Shin has completed his master degree from Yonsei University. He is a researcher of Korea Institue of Geoseicence and Mineral Resources.
Abstract:
In this study, a batch recycle process for recovering valuable metals contained in mixed batteries waste (manganese-alkaline batteries; nickel-cadmium batteries; nickel-metal hydrate batteries) was established. This recycling process consists of stable heat treatment, physical pretreatment and hydrometallurgy processes. Stable heat treatment process prevented fire and explosion by batteries waste. After pulverizing the heated batteries waste, each metal was concentrated and separated into magnectic and nonmagnetic materials by magnetic separation process. Separated nonmagnetic materials were recovered with high purity ZnMnSO4, Zn metal and MnSO4 through hydrometallurgy process such as leaching, solvent extraction, vacuum distillation and electrolytic extraction
Shun Myung Shin
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Korea
Title: Simultaneous Recovery of Cobalt and Manganese by Hydrometallurgy and Electro Chemical Process
Biography:
Shun Myung Shin has completed his PhD at the age of 21 years from Tohoku University. He is the director as a principal researcher of Korea Institue of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
To simultaneously manufacture cobalt metal and electronic manganese dioxide, the process consists of solvent extraction and electro chemical process from spent Li-ion batteries. In solvent extraction, to separate cobalt and manganese from nickel and lithium, the experiments such as pH-isotherm, effect of saponification of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, McCabe-Thiele diagram, counter current simulation test were conducted. Also, electro chemical process experiments such as effect of concentration of cobalt and manganese, effect current destiny, pH, effect of temperature are investigated. As result, the cobalt and manganese were co–extracted from Ni and Li by Na- 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid. And then, recovered cobalt and manganese is subject to electro winning. In all electro winning experiment, concentration of Mn is not affect the purity of cobalt metal which is over 99.8%. Also, for high current efficiency and low energy consumption of deposition of Co on cathode, the most important factors are pH and concentration of cobalt. Therefore, this study will contribute to recovery process of cobalt and manganese because of advantage for simultaneous recovery of Co and Mn at one energy consumption.
Biography:
Mohammad Reza Arbabinia is a Prof. of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch.
Abstract:
Although the modern architecture has created valuable developments, but complex problems have occurred in the field of environment and the current world situation shows an unstable development. The stability is a multidimensional flow that increases the economic growth and creates general welfare accompanied by social justice and this is away from damaging environmental effects and social anomalies. Also sustainable architecture can be considered as an architecture that is responsive to spatial and environmental conditions and characteristics and has optimal use of its platform capabilities in line with the favorable environmental conditions. The objective of the present study is to find new patterns of design and also to create spaces in harmony with the environment and to provide a standard living conditions with minimum environmental pollution for present and future generations. One of the remarkable points of the current century concerning energy saving is the existence of new solutions for a desirable life without compromising the resources of future generations and its impact on plant and animal ecosystems. Achieving the protection of non-renewable energies, reduction of the use of land resources and the impact of less destruction of buildings on the environment are cases to which we should pay special attention in architectural designs. Therefore, in this study, by using data collection through document method and in another part by field method (Information and photos regarding the city of Lahijan, by analysing data through qualitative method), the following results are obtained as solutions for design in harmony with the climate in the vernacular architecture of Lahijan.
Marcus Awoniyi
University of Nottingham, UK
Title: Exploring the metabolic potential of oleaginous actinomycetes in biodiesel production from cassava wastewater
Biography:
Marcus Awoniyi is a researcher under the supervision of Dr.Nagamani Bora at Food Science, University of Nottingham, UK.
Abstract:
The depletion in fossil fuel reserves has instigated the search for renewable sources such as biofuels. Biofuel production provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the progression of biofuel industry has been largely affected by several uncertainties including the sustainability of production processes. Finding an economically viable process and the right substrates have been a source of constant debate. Biodiesel production is one such area which is gaining momentum in the last few decades. We are currently investigating cassava wastewater as a substrate and also as a source of oleaginous bacteria. The production of tri-acyl glycerol from mycolic acid containing actinomycetes predominantly Rhodococcus, has been identified as a potential source. These bacteria which are largely ubiquitous provide a significant amount of triglyceride when cultivated under low cost waste. The growth of oleaginous bacteria for the accumulation of triglycerides on low cost and abundant, cassava waste still remains unexplored, especially in Nigeria which is the largest producer of cassava in the world. We started our initial investigations on the cassava waste water sample following culture dependent and independent approach. We prognosticate that the identification of microflora isolated from different stages in the sample will provide a basis for understanding the nature of the substrate and the potential for the synthesis of biodiesel from cassava waste water.
Chimere Ohajinwa
Leiden University,Netherlands
Title: Informal electronic waste recycling and Sustainable Development Goals
Biography:
Chimere is PhD at Leiden University, Institute of Environmental Science (CML). She has published several papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
As the use of electrical electronic devices is increasing, electronic waste (e-waste) is also increasing. Informal e-waste recycling is unsafe and poses risks to the environment and health of the e-waste workers and people around the e-waste recycling sites. E-waste particularly presents challenges to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 in countries where unsafe e-waste recycling is practiced. A better understanding of the e-waste management practices in those countries (developing countries) will contribute to achieving the SDGs related goals: environment related (6, 11, 12, 14 and 15), health (3), and decent work and economic growth (8). To tackle these challenges in developing countries, insights into the knowledge, attitude, and work practices of the workers is paramount. In addition, understanding the health and environmental impacts of informal e-waste recycling may offer opportunities for better e-waste recycling management strategies to reduce the health effects of informal e-waste recycling. A cross-sectional study was used to assess health risk awareness of 279 informal e-waste workers (repairers and dismantlers) in three locations in Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic backgrounds, occupational history, knowledge, attitude, work practices, and injury prevalence. Soil and dust samples from the e-waste sites were analysed also. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance. There was a significant difference in the knowledge, attitude, and practice mean scores (p = 0.000) of the various groups of e-waste workers. Overall, only 43% of e-waste workers could mention at least one Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) needed for their job. Only 18% of the workers use personal protective equipment (PPE). There was high injury prevalence of 89%. A positive correlation exist between the workers’ knowledge and their attitude and practice. Main factors associated with injury occurrences were job designation and the geographical location. The chemicals at the e-waste recycling sites exceeded the standard guidelines and the controls by a factor of 100s to 100s. Increasing the workers’ knowledge may decrease risky work practices, encourage them to use PPE, and improve the work environment, which will consequently contribute to achieving the SDGs.
Samantha Sherer
Ontario College of Art and Design University, Canada
Title: Advancing the goals of distributed manufacturing beyond Circular Economy
Biography:
Samantha Sherer is a registered psychotherapist and a Master of Design candidate at OCADU in Toronto, Canada. Her interdisciplinary career in arts-based psychotherapy, studio ceramics, and development work with artisans in Asia and the Americas has led Samantha to investigate the intersection between Design and Community health. She did research using open source ceramic 3d printing components to ascertain their viability as appropriate technology for the Global North and South.
Abstract:
This paper demonstrates that Additive Manufacturing has great potential to alter global economic and manufacturing landscapes consistent with principles of Regenerative Development, which positions all aspects of human communities in balance with their local ecosystems. Combining a review of literature with practice led research, I illustrate how the convergence of 3D Printing with the Maker Movement can generate Circular Economy by fostering ecological awareness of material composition and overconsumption which re-establishes relationships between consumers and manufacturers. Additionally, beyond environmental benefits, this paper demonstrates how Additive Manufacturing creates opportunities for intervention in pressing societal issues, amplified by global urbanization and the associated pressures on resource and waste management, by folding informal economies into the mainstream, reintegrating low-income fringe dwellers and creating diverse cooperatives which strengthen community bonds. Furthermore, I argue that by eschewing expansion of conventional mechanized industrialization by progressing directly to Additive Manufacturing, developing economies could leapfrog an entire level of industrialization and in so doing, advance developmental equality between Global North and South economies. Yet democratizing manufacturing will not guarantee the displacement of global value chains or a disruption of the paradigm of unsustainable consumption, nor does spontaneous uptake of new technology ensure stewardship of natural resources. This paper will identify barriers to dissemination of Additive Manufacturing as an appropriate technology in the Global South and outline strategies to circumvent those obstacles to ensure that global consumerism is indeed disrupted and that focus can be shifted from underperforming Sustainable Design principles towards holistic Regenerative Development.
Sandro Donnini Mancini
Universidade Estadual Paulista ,Brazil
Title: Chemical Recycling of Plastics:Possibility of obtaining high quality raw materials.
Biography:
Sandro Donnini Mancini is Materials Engineer and has completed his PhD at the age of 31 years from Federal University of São Carlos. He was professor of the Chemical Engineering Department at Federal University of Ceará and he is now professor of Environmental Engineering Department at Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba Campus. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The traditional way of recycling plastics, the mechanic one (through melting), is the one that contributes most so that plastic waste can return to the productive process. However, it is known that the mechanical recycling generates products with inferior quality when compared to the original polymer, once its main chain pass through a series of degradations during use and recycling. The chemical recycling (through the use of solvents) has gained attention, because it is able to generate high quality final products after the deliberate destruction of the main polymeric chain, providing products with a low molar mass which can replace petrochemicals with little or no difference. As an example, almost 75,000 tons of polyethyelene terephthalate- PET, mainly coming from discarded bottles, was chemically recycled in Brazil in 2015, providing raw materials so that unsaturated polyester and alkyd resins could be obtained. This rate stands for 28,6% of all recycled PET (260,000 tons) and almost 14% of all polymer consumed in Brazil on the same year (510,000 tons). Nowadays, one of the most promising chemical recycling is the reaction of PET with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Through this reaction is obtained Bis (2ethylhexyl) terephthalate, used on the formulation of polyvinyl chloride –PVC- as a plasticizer, generating flexible PVC, which is used in pools, hoses, medical products, shoes, food packaging etc. Results indicate that both the plasticizer obtained through chemical recycling and the flexible PVC produced with it are high quality compounds when compared to the ones produced through a traditional route.
Martina Petranikova
Chalmers University of Technology,Sweden
Title: Circular economy of Li-ion batteries recycling
Biography:
Martina has received her PhD in 2012. Curently she is working as an Assistant professor at Chalmers University of Technology. Her work deals with the development of processes to recover valuable metals from primary sources (ores, concentrates) and secondary sources (spent batteries, steel making dust, mining waste, WEEE, etc.). Her research spans over a broad range, from material pre-treatment all the way to industrial scale-up. She has vast experience with processing of batteries, having ten years experience in this field.
Abstract:
E-mobility and significant need of the energy storage are one of the most challenging demands put on the battery industry nowadays. Limited sources of cobalt, lithium and graphite call for necessity to keep battery productions and recycling in closed loop, to avoid the source losses. Since car producers announced in some cases exclusive production of electric vehicles, the metal industry will be heavily affected by the demands coming from such decisions. This contribution will give a prospective on amount of the sources used for battery production in recent years, predicted development in future battery chemistry and effects of this development on the future prices of cobalt and lithium. The presentation will bring the information on current recycling technologies with respect to their contribution to circular economy. European directive for the battery collection and recycling will be discussed as the most powerful tool to improve current status in circular economy of battery recycling.
Alireza Mohammadi Aghdam
University of Pisa, Italy
Title: Evaluation of sonication process in vegetable tannery wastewater treatment
Biography:
Alireza Mohammadi Aghdam has completed his PhD at the age of 43 years from Pisa University and now i have a contract with University of Pisa as a research and consultant. I have published more than 6 papers in reputed journals and participated in more than 20 Seminars and work shop all.
Abstract:
The tanning industry in Italy represents a significant contribution to the European economy. At the same time, it is well known that this industry generates significant amounts of contaminated wastewater. Vegetable Tannery wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter (COD) with a significant percentage of recalcitrant organic compounds. Vegetable tannery wastewater shows several drawbacks due to the complexity of the chemical composition. Contaminants must tore moved to avoid significant environmental impacts. In another hand, Activated sludge processes are key technologies in wastewater treatment. These biological processes produce massive amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) or otherwise bio-solids. Mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical WAS conditioning techniques have been proposed to reduce the sludge charge. Among them WAS treatments; the pre-treatment with Sonication is one of the most innovative processes. Primary attention is focused on the effect of high-frequency Sonication on reducing organic matter with or without using H2O2 and Aeration. The parameters affecting the removal of the organic matter (COD) and soluble COD (SCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also analysed and compared. Particular attention is then made on how the presence of H2O2, affects the performance of the process, and how it affects the combined Sonication and biological processes. In other words, the study focuses on the effect of Soon lysis on waste activated sludge solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability of vegetable tannery wastewater and primary sludge of a plant treating tannery wastewater, located in Santa Croce (Tuscany, Italy). The results obtained from a pilot scale study developed in the Tannery wastewater treatment plant (Cuoiodepur).In the test carried out, the combination of a Sonication pre-treatment with using H2O2 showed satisfactory results regarding reduction COD and SCOD on vegetable tannery wastewater and primary sludge for recovery and reuse in the tannery treatment cycle. The Sonication pre-treatment was able to remove approx. 25% of COD, and SCOD in wastewater and more than 40% of reducing COD and 18% increment of SCOD in the primary sludge of vegetable tannery wastewater. Moreover, the effect of sonication with using H2O2 in total suspended solid (TSS) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) respectively was 35% and 30%. In another hand, the results showed 27% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) in the primary sludge of vegetable tannery wastewater.
Szabolcs Fogarasi
BabeÅŸ-Bolyai University, Romania
Title: Electrochemical processing of different material fractions obtained from waste printed circuit boards
Biography:
Szabolcs Fogarasi completed his PhD in 2012 in chemical engineering targeting the recovery of gold and silver from WPCBs. Currently, he is lecturer at Babes-BolyaiUniversity being responsible of the following academic disciplines: Heat transfer and heat transfer equipment’s (HTHTE), Fluid mechanics and Mass transport. His research activities are mainly focused on the recovery of metals of economic and industrial interest from WEEE. He published more than 20 ISI scientific articles and 1 book in the field of HTHTE. He participated in various national and international projects emphasized on environmental issues such as recycling and treatment of e-waste.
Abstract:
Many of the developed recycling technologies are focusing only on the recovery of materials with high economic potential without offering a global solution for the treatment of Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs). Besides the economic potential, the priority of material recovery from WPCBs needs to consider the eco-toxicity of the components. Sensitivity analyses clearly indicate that, due to the high concentration, Cu accounts for the highest percentage of total toxicity points per ton of WPCBs (59.4%), followed by Pb (12.4%), which ranks as second most toxic material on the priority list of hazardous substances. Still, many recycling technologies neglect the environmental aspects and target only the recovery of precious metals from the electronic components found in WPCBs, leaving behind unprocessed WPCB parts such as Sn-Pb alloys and WPCBBs (Waste Printed Circuit Base Boards = electronic component free WPCBs).The present study proposes innovative and eco-friendly technological solution for the recovery of Cu from WPCBBs and for the selective processing of Sn-Pb alloys. The impact of several operating parameter’s (current density, flow rate, etc.) on the most important technical key performance indicators has been evaluated. In contrast to other e-waste treatment technologies, the developed process allow the regeneration of the leaching solution with the concomitant electro winning of metals, reducing significantly the use of auxiliary materials and the amount of new reagents fed to the process. As an overall conclusion it can be stated that the developed electrochemical processes are both efficient and environmental friendly as well.
Néstor Antuñano
University of Basque Country, Spain
Title: Characterization, management strategies and an alternative recycling process for secondary lead smelting industry slags
Biography:
Néstor Antuñano has completed his Chemical Engineering Degree at the age of 23 years from Higher Technical Engineering School of Bilbao (ETSIB), being complemented with a Postgraduate in Advance Materials Engineering, specializing in Metallurgical Engineering from the same university in 2009. He is a PhD in Extractive Metallurgy at University of Basque Country, working in the SuPrEn Research Group (Sustainable Process Engineering) in collaboration with BEFESA STEEL R&D. The project “Development of hydrometallurgical processes for zinc recovery from steelmaking waste" is the tittle of the defended International PhD Thesis in 2015, after a doctoral stage at Service TIPs (Transferts, Interfaces et Procédés) of Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in Brussels (Belgium). Her main research interests are sustainable metallurgy, metallurgical wastes management and metal recycling. He has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer member of Journal of Residuals Science and Technology – DESTech Publications Inc for industrial waste treatments and Hydrometallurgy – Journal – Elsevier for zinc metallurgy. Nowadays, he works as Mineral Processing Engineer at Metallurgical Research Centre of MINERSA Group.
Abstract:
Lead is one of the most produced, shipped and processed base metal that is usually extracted in combination with zinc, silver and copper. Nowadays, important works are being carried out to obtain lead from secondary sources and to increase pollution control during metal production. Lead scrap is the main raw material that feeds furnaces of the smelters. It normally comes from recycling lead-acid cars batteries. Lead smelting plants produce ingots of high purity lead and/or lead mixed with different alloying elements as arsenic, antimony, tin, copper and nickel. This production process generates high quantity of slags that contain several toxic heavy metals. Hence, due to the toxicity and environmental impact of these slags a particular waste management strategy must be conducted by smelters.This work deals with the characterization of the different generated slags depending on the obtained product, the management strategy following the environmental laws and finally, the proposal of an alternative treatment and recycling process. The first part of this study is to characterize chemical composition and mineralogical and morphological properties of these slags. Based on these characterization results, a management strategy must be carefully designed in order to minimize the environmental impact of the plant. The use of scrap as lead source in the smelting process and the optimal disposal of the generated wastes, following the applicable environmental legislation, increase the sustainability of the lead production industry. Finally, in order to increase environmental and economic viability of the lead smelters and considering the characterization of the generated slags a novelty treatment and recycling process is proposed. A key step to design such recycling process is the solubility differences between lead, iron and other compounds present in the slag. The enounced treatment of slag permits the lead recycling (increasing metallic yield), iron recovery as an iron oxides concentrate and the minimization of generated residues during lead production.
Biography:
Fernando Coelho is persuing a PhD in Chemical Engineering from University of Birmingham in UK, has completed his master and bachelor degrees in environmental engineering from University of Aveiro in Portugal (First-class honours). He is an early stage researcher of H2020 DEMETER - European Training Network for the Design and Recycling of Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors and Generators in Hybrid and Full Electric Vehicles.
Abstract:
Concerns have grown across the globe regarding within securing reliable, sustainable and access of certain raw materials including rare earth elements (REEs) which play an important role in different industries such as clean energy and transportation. The high demand of REEs and low natural abundance in REE ore have aroused serious concerns in supply thus recycling has been proposed as one option to solve this supply chain balance problem. Permanent magnets is the application with highest consumption of REEs by end use and the magnets of the Hard Drive Disk (HDD) has been suggested as the most prominent source recycling source of REE. Recycling process of HDD has developed at University of Birmingham where hydrogen has been employed to decrepitate sintered neodymium-iron-boron into a powder which can then be reprocessed to produce new NdFeB magnets. However, the success of recycling methods using hydrogenation treatments is sensitive to the amount of oxidation which drops the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets. The additional oxygen mainly occurs at the finest particles of grain boundary phase (GBP) in which is too small to be separate by sieving or conventional screening technology. This work focuses on investigation of different physical separation techniques (Gravitational, Magnetic and Flotation) of the ultra-fines particles of the hydrogenated NdFeB recycled powder. It has been shown that magnetic concentration is possible when using a wet low intensity magnetic separation. Both the magnetic concentrator and flotation result in a similar performance.
Gideon Oron
Ben-Gurion University,Israel
Title: The Role of Nanotechnology in Treated Wastewater Recycling and Reuse
Biography:
Gideon Oron completed his studies in the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology (All three degrees). After his D.Sc. graduation he spent one year for his post-doc in Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA. Upon his return to Israel he joined Blaustein Institute for Desert Research in Sde-Boker, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. There he works on issues related water and non-conventional water resources in arid zone, field work and management modelling. Looking into optimization issues allows him to tackle large scale water problems. He has published close to 150 refereed reviewed articles in the leading world journals.
Abstract:
Recycling and reuse of the nonconventional water resources such as wastewater is a practical solution to water shortages. The treatment level and the effluent quality are still open questions. Subject to the climate changes, randomized and limited precipitation and over pumping of groundwater reduces the chances that scarcity issues will be solved. Floods water hardly fills the increasing gap between supply and demand. The regions suffering from water scarcity and shortage in food will probably continue to stay under the increased umbrella of scarcity unless special and big measures will be undertaken. A promising solution is to desalinate low quality waters such as sea water, saline groundwater and wastewater, applying nanotechnology (Reverse Osmosis processes). Conventional treatment methods can remove neither the contained dissolved solids nor the micro pollutants. The effect of domestic wastewater after conventional treatment methods and subsequently by nanotechnology is a promising solution. Although the main nanotechnology desalination suffers from adverse phenomena such as high energy demand, fouling associated with decreased flow rates and brine disposal is the promising solution for coming times. Field experiments were conducted in a typical arid zone (precipitation around 150 mm/year). The four years experiments and different annual agricultural crops were cultivated in 0.6 hectare plots. The yield was monitored every growing season in each of the six treatments conducted. Each effluent quality and the operating parameters of the nanotechnology system such as trans membrane pressure, retentate and recirculation flow-rates including salinity effects on productivity of agricultural crops were continuously monitored. The membrane system was monitored as well. The effects of water quality, expressed mainly by the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the effluent were considered and monitored. A preliminary economic analysis was conducted, examining the effects of water and energy consumption on fouling and the efficiency of the effluent application.
Biography:
A. Angelakis is a Water Resources Engineer at the National Agric. Research Foundation, Institute of Crete, Greece and Technical Consultant of Hellenic Union of Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage. He has graduated from Agricultural Univ. of Athens, Greece (BS in Agronomy), UC Riverside, USA (MS in Soil Sci.), and UC Davis, USA (BS in Civil Eng., MS in Water Sci., and Ph. D. in Soil Physics). He is author/co-author of over 450 publications mostly in the scientific fields of Environmental engineering; Aquatic wastewater management systems; Small systems of water and wastewater management; Treated wastewater and reclamation and reuse; and Water and wastewater technologies in ancient civilizations. He has over 4000 SCH citations and an i10-index of 75. He has participated, mostly as invited speaker in the organizing/scientific committee of more than 120 international Symposia and/or Conferences in the last 25 years. He is Editor of Water Sciences and Technology (WST), WST: Water Supply, Public Health Frontier (PHF), Austin J. of Irrigation, and member of the Editorial Boards of Journals Water, Sustainability, International Journal of Hydrology, and International Journal of Hydrology. He is IWA (International Water Association) Distinguished Fellow and Honorary member of IWA and of Hellenic Water Association (HWA).
Abstract:
Domestic wastewater was used for irrigation and aquaculture by prehistoric civilizations (e. g. Mesopotamian, Indus valley, Egyptian, and Minoan) since the Bronze Age (ca. 3200-1100). Thereafter, wastewater was disposed or used for irrigation and fertilization purposes by Greek civilizations and later by the Roman one in areas surrounding cities (e. g. Athens and Rome). Sanitation practices re-emerged in force in the more recent history following the great epidemics in several regions of the world. After the mid of 17th century the need for sanitation led to the development of effluent application practices, known as “sewage farms” as a means to protect public health and to control water pollution. Wastewater application to the land for disposal and agricultural use was originally operated in European cities and later on in USA. Today, planning of projects for water reclamation and reuse is significantly increasing in several regions of the world. Also recycled water is used for almost any purpose including potable use. This paper provides a brief overview of the evolution of water reuse over the last 5000 years. It provides a historical context and links to some of the latest developments in sustainable water reclamation and reuse. By understanding the practices and solutions of the past, we are better placed to meet present and future challenges. Finally, the important role that water reuse will play in the future highly urbanized world is highlighted.
Fu-Shen Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Transferring waste plastics into sound absorption material
Biography:
Fu-Shen Zhang is a professor and the director of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Laboratory at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He went to Japan in 1998 as a Japanese government scholarship student upon the selection of the Embassy of Japan in Beijing, and he got his Ph. D in the field of environmental engineering from Tohoku University (Japan).
Abstract:
A comprehensive sound absorption material was developed using waste agricultural plastic film as raw material. The new material exhibited excellent sound absorption capability in both low- and high-frequency ranges and had a complex structure with perforations, cavities, and an air layer. The optimal average sound absorption coefficients of the material were 0.44 and 0.53 within the frequency ranges of 200–1600 and 500–6400 Hz, respectively. Furthermore, the low-frequency absorption range of the material could be adjusted according to the actual noise absorption requirements, thus broadening its application ranges. The density of the material is 0.55 g/cm3 while its thickness is only 1 cm. Thus, it is lighter than most conventional sound absorption materials. The compressive strength of the samples were 0.56 ± 0.01 MPa (unmanufactured), 0.51 ± 0.01 MPa (4 perforations) and 0.45 ± 0.02 MPa (4 perforations and 12 cavities) respectively and, its flexural strength was 91.2 ± 1.22 N. Interfering tests indicated that water coverage could decline the sound absorption efficiency in all frequency ranges, while sand coverage only declined the low frequency absorption, but increased the high frequency absorption effect of the material. Accordingly, it is believed that the new waste-derived material is quite suitable for application on bridges and inside tunnels during high-speed road construction, and also appropriate for using as parts of vehicles and ceilings.
Ji Whan Ahn
Korea Institute of Geosceinces and Mineral Resources(KIGAM),Korea
Title: Carbon money system-recycling of waste paper in response to climate change
Biography:
Ahn Ji Whan received a B.S, M.S and Ph.D degree in Mining and Minerals Engineering during the years 1986 ~ 1997 from Inha University and she has another master’s degree in Resources Environmental Economics from Yonsei University. Now Dr. Ahn is working as a Principal researcher in Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Executive Director of Carbon Resources Recycling Approatate Technology Centre, Director for Resources, Environment and Materials R&D Center, KIGAM, President for Korea Institute of Limestone & Advanced Materials (KILAM), Chairperson, Japan/Korea International Symposium on Resources Recycling and Materials Science, Vice President of Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering and Vice President of Korea Institute of Resources and Recycling. Dr. Ahn is an Advisory Member for Ministry of Environment consulting committee of waste treatment technology (ME-CCWTT) and she is Representative for ISO 102 (Iron Ore) from South Korea. In KIGAM, she has 20 years research experience and she started the multidisciplinary research areas and developed new novel technologies. Dr. Ji Whan Ahn has published more than 160 papers, 750 proceedings papers/Conference presentations and 75 patents. She received many awards for her research excellence. National Science Merit(Presidential Citation Award), The Excellent Research award from Ministry of Knowledge Economy and The First Women Ceramist award etc.
Abstract:
Thirty five per cent (about 4 billion trees) of forests in the world are used as raw materials for paper, and production of paper raw materials have increased 400% over the past 40 years. It has been reported that, by recycling waste paper, 30,000 liters of water, 17 - 31 trees, 4,000 kWh of electricity, and 60 pounds of air pollutants can be reduced when producing 1 ton of paper. Research conducted in 2010 indicates that recycling 1 ton of waste paper reduces 1,070 kg of CO2 and 95% of air pollutants, and 28 to 70% of water andelectric power contributable to climate change mitigation actions, reduction of environmental pollution and energy use. In order to cope with climate change, 17 European countries have implemented COST Action E48 project, which involves collection of wastes. It took about 5 years to build the relevant policy basis, waste recycling guide and system. According to the United States Environmental Paper Network (US EPN), it is possible to save 937 kg of CO2, 3,224 kWh of energy, 42,465 liters of water and 340 kg of wastes when recycling 1 ton of wastes. Pilot program of the ‘Carbon Money System’ to be installed in the Olympic Park with aims to stimulate paper raw materials businesses through recycling and incorporating “low-carbon city” model as part of the Carbon Mineralization Flagship.
Tihomir KovaÄević
University of Belgrade,Serbia
Title: The surface functionalization of materials originated from e-waste for their application in thermosetting polymers
Biography:
Tihomir KovaÄević has completed MSc at the age of 24 years at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Currently, he is at final stage of PhD studies. The title of PhD thesis „The Influence Of Modified Micro particles Obtained From Waste Polymeric Fraction Of Printed Circuit Boards On Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Polyester Resin Synthesized From Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)‟. He is employed as Research Assistant at the Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University in Belgrade. He has participated in two national and one international project and published 4 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Non-metallic fraction (NMF), remained as a fine powder after mechanical processing of printed circuit boards, was modified by chemical (oxidation) treatment in order to improve the efficacy of physical recycling. The oxidation procedure was performed using chemical agents: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 (1), the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid, H2O2/H2SO4, v/v 2:1 (2) and ethylene diamine, C2H8N2 (3). Further on, modified materials (NMF1, NMF2 and NMF3), respectively to the order of chemical treatments) were used as a filler/reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix, which was synthesized from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste. The effect of oxidation process was investigated varying the amount of NMF (NMF (1-3)) particles in the range of 0.1-2.0 wt%, as well as mechanical properties of pure UPR and composites with corresponding fillers. The best enhencement of tensile strength was achieved with filler amount up to 1.0 wt%, while micro Vickers hardness was significantly improved for each NMF loading. The addition of the NMF1 showed the highest improvement of mechanical characteristics, while the composites filled with NMF2 manifested decrease of tensile strength and micro Vickers hardness, compared to the properties of pure UPR. In this study, the use of commercial/industrial wastes (PET and NMF) were evaluated and valorizated through their synergy in new/eco/multi-functional materials for potential application in industry, mining and construction.
Joy Manglani
Only Nature Endures, NGO (OneNature.com), India
Title: A system for safe, sustainable and eco-friendly wastewater treatment to create soil, grass and water (EWT)
Biography:
Joy Manglani is an Environment Scientist & Inventor based in India. He holds the prestigious B. Tech. degree from the premier IIT Delhi in Chemical Engineering. He is a founder (since 1983) and does R&D in NGO - Only Nature Endures (ONE) also called OneNature where he trains interns and seniors. He invents and promotes Sustainable Technologies for Joyful Life and Healthy Environment. Has experience of successfully inventing and applying technologies in the fields of Water and Sanitation, Eco-friendly Handcrafted Textiles & Clothing, Organic Farming, Eco-friendly Asbestos Cement, Business revival, Thermal Engineering, Awareness building. His breakthrough invention of waste treatment (EWT) can help in solving the problems of Water and Sanitation; it can clean the rivers, lakes and seas, the air, the land while treating the waste and wastewater. It can green our land and make it more fertile. It can reduce global warming and climate change.
Abstract:
Problem; "Human activity has had a negative impact on the environment because it has caused deforestation, ocean acidification, and the extinction of important biodiversity." “Current Sanitation methods convert pollution to disaster; they lead to major problems faced by society today, such as; water pollution, water scarcity, loss of soil fertility, global warming, poor economy, poor health and loss of life. These methods decompose (break-up) valuable organic elements, found in the so-called waste, into foul gases & acids, even now! The gases badly pollute the air and acids badly pollute the land and sub soil water.
Joy Manglani
Only Nature Endures, NGO (OneNature.com), India
Title: A system for safe, sustainable and eco-friendly wastewater treatment to create soil, grass and water (EWT)
Biography:
Joy Manglani is an Environment Scientist & Inventor based in India. He holds the prestigious B. Tech. degree from the premier IIT Delhi in Chemical Engineering. He is a founder (since 1983) and does R&D in NGO - Only Nature Endures (ONE) also called OneNature where he trains interns and seniors. He invents and promotes Sustainable Technologies for Joyful Life and Healthy Environment. Has experience of successfully inventing and applying technologies in the fields of Water and Sanitation, Eco-friendly Handcrafted Textiles & Clothing, Organic Farming, Eco-friendly Asbestos Cement, Business revival, Thermal Engineering, Awareness building. His breakthrough invention of waste treatment (EWT) can help in solving the problems of Water and Sanitation; it can clean the rivers, lakes and seas, the air, the land while treating the waste and wastewater. It can green our land and make it more fertile. It can reduce global warming and climate change.
Abstract:
Problem; "Human activity has had a negative impact on the environment because it has caused deforestation, ocean acidification, and the extinction of important biodiversity." “Current Sanitation methods convert pollution to disaster; they lead to major problems faced by society today, such as; water pollution, water scarcity, loss of soil fertility, global warming, poor economy, poor health and loss of life. These methods decompose (break-up) valuable organic elements, found in the so-called waste, into foul gases & acids, even now! The gases badly pollute the air and acids badly pollute the land and sub soil water.
Divya Rajasekaran
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee,India
Title: Recycling of plastic wastes with poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer as compatibilizer and their conversion into high-end product
Biography:
Divya Rajasekaran is doing her PhD (Two years and three months) at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. She has her expertise in polymer and process engineering. Her practical thinking and theoretical background helped her in solving various problems in a new dimension. She has established a new way of tackling existing environmental issue and after years of research in polymer she has proposed a solution for plastic pollution now and in future.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the utilization of plastic wastes to a useful product. The major plastic pollutants that are considered to be in maximum use i.e. PET bottle and PE bags have been taken for consideration for recycling. As these two plastic wastes are not compatible, poly (ethylene-co-methacrylicacid) copolymer has been used as compatibilizer to process these two plastic wastes. Effect of dose of poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer as compatibilizer has been studied here. It has been shown that only 3 weight percentage of poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer is sufficient to make 3:1 mass ratio of PET bottle and polyethylene bags compatible.Compatibility has been examined through mechanical testing, thermal and morphological analysis.After analyzing the property of recyclates, better mechanical and thermal property has beenobserved. Almost 500% of tensile property has been improved by addition of 3 weight percentageof poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer in 3:1 mass ratio blend of PET bottle and PE bags than that of pristine blend. Morphological analysis by FESEM and AFM has also confirmed the compatibility of the blend. Experimental data showed better performance than available recycling process.
Seyram k. sossou
International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering -Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Title: Sanitizing of finished compost from composting toilet by solar heat treatment
Biography:
Seyram K. SOSSOU is Assistant professor in the Department of Water and Sanitation of the International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. He has completed his PhD in Environmental Engineering at Hokkaido University in Japan where he has worked on developing ecological sanitation for Africa countries. His activities focus generally on resource-oriented sanitation and specifically on non-sewered sanitation, ecological sanitation, solids waste management and health risks aspects of sanitation by-products. He is also interested to the management of project, strategy and advocacy for the global water supply and sanitation sector.
Abstract:
On-site sanitation systems joined to resource-oriented sanitation have gained much interest in recent years. One such system is the composting toilet, which are promoted to sanitize human excreta and solid waste for recycling them into fertilizer. In most cases, the temperature in composting toilet, do not get high temperature enough to destroy all pathogens during composting process. This study aimed to assess the sanitizing effectiveness of finished compost with solar heat treatment. Finished composts produced in composting toilet were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs and subjected to solar heating. Three solar installations were used: heat by direct sunlight, in a solar box and in a solar collector. From heated composts, the number of isolated bacteria was determined by plating method and the number of Ascaris eggs was determined by microscopy counting. The survival rate of microorganisms was followed during the experiment. The result showed that the temperature regime produced by direct sunlight, solar box and solar collector during heating were categorized as mesophilic (>30°C), thermophilic (>55°C) and pasteurization (>70°C), respectively. The survival rate of microorganisms was low in compost heated by direct sunlight while high in solar box and in solar collector. The direct sunlight heating was not effective for the elimination of microorganisms to a sufficient degree. The total elimination of E. coli, E. faecalis and A. lumbricoides eggs was obtained in 3 days, 5 days, and 8 days with the solar box, respectevely, and in 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days with the solar collector, respectevely. The nutrients contained in compost as fertilizer has showed no significant reduction during solar heating. The high and uniform temperature distribution obtained with solar box and solar collector during heat treatment have proved to be an efficient option for safe reuse of compost from composting toilet.
Divya Rajasekaran
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee,India
Title: Recycle and reuse of plastic pollutants as an effective reinforcer in Ionomer matrix for polymer packaging
Biography:
Divya Rajasekaran is doing her PhD (Two years and three months) at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. She has her expertise in polymer and process engineering. Herpractical thinking and theoretical background helped her in solving various problems in a new dimension. She has established a new way of tackling existing environmental issue and after years of research in polymer she has proposed a solution for plastic pollution now and in future.
Abstract:
This paper deals with dual plastic waste recycling and its reuse as reinforcer. The major plastic pollutants that are considered to be in maximum use i.e. PET bottle and PE bags have been taken for consideration for recycling. Effect of dose of poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer as compatibilizer to process these two plastic wastes is analysed and has been observed to be an efficient system with 500% of tensile property improvement. Based on these observations, the usage of recyclates from dual plastic waste is explored as reinforcer in polymer cosmetic packaging. Compatibility of plastic wastes and its effective reuse as reinforcer in Ionomer matrix of packaging has been examined through mechanical testing, thermal. Morphological analysis by FESEM and AFM has also confirmed the compatibility of the blend. Experimental data showed better performance than available recycling process and commercial reuse.
Joy Manglani
Only Nature Endures, NGO (OneNature.com),India
Title: A system for safe and eco-friendly wastewater treatment
Biography:
Joy Manglani is an Environment Scientist & Inventor based in India. He holds the prestigious B. Tech. degree from the premier IIT Delhi in Chemical Engineering. He is a founder (since 1983) and does R&D in NGO - Only Nature Endures (ONE) also called OneNature where he trains interns and seniors. He invents and promotes Sustainable Technologies for Joyful Life and Healthy Environment. Has experience of successfully inventing and applying technologies in the fields of Water and Sanitation, Eco-friendly Handcrafted Textiles & Clothing, Organic Farming, Eco-friendly Asbestos Cement, Business revival, Thermal Engineering, Awareness building. His breakthrough invention of waste treatment (EWT) can help in solving the problems of Water and Sanitation; it can clean the rivers, lakes and seas, the air, the land while treating the waste and wastewater. It can green our land and make it more fertile. It can reduce global warming and climate change.
Abstract:
A system for treatment using wastewater and unutilized solar energy, as resources to produce; vegetation (say grass) and clean water. The system is occupationally safe and eco-friendly. Wherein there is no bad odour, no mosquitoes, no colour in the said clean water. It helps recycling of material and energy; enhancement of environment, energy conservation, enhancement of air, soil, water, plants and animals feeding on these plants, bio-energy generation, reduction in global warming and climate change, development of havens for wildlife including flora and fauna, enhanced quantity, quality and distribution of rainfall, enhanced dissolved oxygen in water, watershed development, enhanced aquaculture and fisheries development, flood control. The treatment primarily includes a Collection and Seeding Tank (CST) for pre-treatment, a Sieve Cage (SC) to sieve out plastic bags and other solids, a Solar Bio-Reactor (SBR) for further treatment, a cleaner water tank from where treated clean water is pumped out for usage.